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How does cerebral hypoxia cause euphoria?

The mechanism by which the conscious feeling of euphoria is felt is still unknown. Due to the multiple methods by which euphoria can occur it is likely a 'natural' state of the brain that can be triggered either naturally or unnaturally. It is also likely that it occurs in the same brain regions responsible for mood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reward_system You'll note that many of the structures connected to the reward system are glutamatergic interneurons. This means that excess glutamate can trigger the reward system to produce euphoric feelings. In cerebral hypoxia the lack of oxygen results in a lack of energy for the cell. Mainly this results in the switching off of the sodium / potassium pump. A nerve cell fires by moving sodium outside the cell and potassium inside the cell to create concentration gradients, that are then reversed during an action potential. If the pump does not have oxygen then this mechanism stops. This results in an increase in e...
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Hormones: Prolactin

Prolactin is a hormone produced in the pituitary gland, named because of its role in lactation. It also has other wide ranging functions in the body from acting on the reproductive system to influencing behaviour and regulating the immune system. Alternative names for prolactin In everyday language, prolactin is referred to as the ‘milk hormone’; PRL; luteotropic hormone; LTH. What is prolactin? Prolactin is a hormone named originally after its function to promote milk production (lactation) in mammals in response to the suckling of young after birth. It has since been shown to have more than 300 functions in the body. These can be divided into a number of areas: reproductive, metabolic, regulation of fluids (osmoregulation), regulation of the immune system (immunoregulation) and behavioural functions. In humans, prolactin is produced both in the front portion of the pituitary gland (anterior pituitary gland) and in a range of sites elsewhere in the body. Lactotroph cells i...
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Dopamine

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Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that regulates our emotional responses, movement, pain, and the brain’s pleasure and reward center. Without dopamine, we wouldn’t be able to feel pleasure or motivation; however, it can also play a role in addiction. Introduction Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, which is a chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells ( R ). Dopamine is produced in the dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain, the substantia nigra pars compacta, and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus ( R ). There are several distinct dopamine pathways in the brain, one of which plays a major role in reward-motivated behavior ( R ). Dopamine levels in the brain is increased by most types of rewards, and dopamine neuronal activity is increased by most addictive drugs ( R ). Dopamine has many roles in humans, which include: movement, memory, pleasure and reward, behavior and ...
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