Hormones: Oxytocin
Oxytocin is a hormone that acts on organs in the body (including the breast and uterus) and as a chemical messenger in the brain controlling key aspects of the reproductive system including childbirth and lactation, and aspects of human behaviour. Alternative names for oxytocin Alpha-hypophamine; manufactured versions – carbetocin, syntocinon and pitocin. What is oxytocin? Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus and is secreted into the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary gland. Secretion depends on electrical activity of neurons in the hypothalamus – it is released into the blood when these cells are excited. The two main actions of oxytocin in the body are contraction of the womb (uterus) during childbirth and lactation. Oxytocin stimulates the uterine muscles to contract and also increases production of prostaglandins which increase the contractions further. Manufactured oxytocin is sometimes given to induce labour if it has not started naturally or it can be used t...