VALO'S ARCHIVE

Pharmacokinetics of Alcohol, BAC, Effects At Specific B.A.C. Levels When alcohol enters your body, it isn’t digested like most substances. It’s absorbed quickly, and is seen as a toxin , so your body therefore will primarily use the liver to metabolize the alcohol. And while I don’t want to give a full biology lesson here, the liver works at about a “drink an hour” pace (which is where that age-old rate of recommended consumption likely comes from). Until it’s all metabolized, it’s all over your body, in your blood, visiting your brain, etc (3) . And, of course, because it’s in your blood, it’s therefore in your lungs. This is the cause of the alcohol breath that most people refer to. In simple terms, it’s “in the process of being processed” alcohol, and it has a distinct, somewhat sweet, odor. You probably know the smell I’m talking about (it’s also why the “alcohol smell” on someone intoxicated will smell remarkably similar, regardless if the alcohol consumed was whiskey, beer...

(edheee shpjegimi logjik pse sherbehet mezja me pije alkoolike... The body maintains an adequate level of glucose in the blood using various mechanisms, one of which is gluconeogenesis in the liver.  Gluconeogenesis is particularly significant at hours distant to meals when glucose released to the bloodstream from the liver is more prominent than dietary intake. Biochemically, pyruvate and oxaloacetate at the initials steps of the gluconeogenesis pathway are shunted away due to increased levels of NADH that occur as a result of alcohol comsumption, so these molecules cannot be utilized to form new molecules of glucose. On the other hand, glycolysis, which uses the available glucose for production of energy and several other purposes, is also prevented by the same high levels of NADH. Alcohol consumed, namely ethanol is metabolised by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.  This enzyme uses NAD as a cofactor to oxidise ethanol and produce acetaldehyde while NAD is reduced t...

Dopamine appeared very early in the course of evolution and is involved in many functions that are essential for survival of the organism, such as motricity, attentiveness, motivation, learning, and memorization. But most of all, dopamine is a key element in identifying natural rewards for the organism. These natural stimuli such as food and water cause individuals to engage in approach behaviours. Dopamine is also involved in unconscious memorization of signs associated with these rewards. It has now been established that all substances that trigger dependencies in human beings increase the release of a neuromediator, dopamine, in a specific area of the brain: the nucleus accumbens. Lien: Neurobiology of addiction and implications for treatment But not all drugs increase dopamine levels in the brain in the same way. Some substances imitate natural neuromediators and take their place on their receptors. Morphine, for example, binds to the receptors for endorphin (a natural "m...